Anonymous association system utilizing biometrics

ABSTRACT

Various exemplary embodiments relate to an anonymous database system. The system includes a plurality of biometric nodes in communication with one another. Each of the plurality of biometric nodes includes a biometric input that receives biometric data from a user. The system also includes at least one central database in communication with the plurality of biometric nodes; and a plurality of institution databases in communication with the plurality of biometric nodes. A first node of the plurality of biometric nodes is configured to receive a message from a second node of the plurality of biometric nodes, the message requesting authorization of data access by the second node. Various embodiments relate to a method for performing an action requiring multiple levels of authentication using an anonymous database system.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of parent U.S. application Ser. No.16/368,389, filed on Mar. 28, 2019, which is a divisional of parent U.S.application Ser. No. 15/631,752, filed on Jun. 23, 2017, which is adivisional of parent U.S. application Ser. No. 13/667,109, filed on Nov.2, 2012, now abandoned, which was a continuation of parent U.S.application Ser. No. 12/081,070, filed on Apr. 10, 2008, which issued asU.S. Pat. No. 8,320,638 on Nov. 27, 2012. The entire disclosure of theprior applications is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety byreference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates generally to a device and related systems andmethods for anonymously storing and accessing data utilizing biometrics.

2. Description of Related Art

Identity management systems typically serve two fundamental purposes,authentication and authorization. Authentication refers to the processused to verify a person's identity. In other words, verifying that aperson is who they claim to be. Authorization, on the other hand, refersto the process of establishing access privileges granted to theauthenticated individual. Authentication and authorization form thecornerstones of traditional identity management.

In data intensive industries, such as banking, the association of datato an authenticated individual is of enormous importance. Consider, forexample, an individual who desires to deposit a paycheck using anautomated teller machine (ATM). In this situation, it is critical to thebank and the individual that the deposit be properly routed to theaccount associated with the individual. The banking industry presentlyutilizes a two-factor authentication system to verify the identity ofthe individual making the deposit. More specifically, in order to beproperly authenticated, the individual must present an ATM card and apersonalized secret code.

Having confidently verified the individual, the financial institutionand the individual are reassured that funds are transferred to thecorrect account belonging to the authenticated individual. In additionto authentication, however, the financial institution must verify thatthe individual is authorized to conduct a transaction. Morespecifically, although the individual is verified to be the person he orshe claims to be, the institution must make sure that the specifictransaction to be conducted is allowed. For example, the individualwould have to be authorized to make a withdrawal from an account. Asanother example, the bank may place a predetermined cap on withdrawals,such that the individual is not authorized to make a withdrawal from theaccount greater than the cap.

Authentication and authorization play a pivotal role in everyday life.From conducting financial transactions to logging into a computernetwork, authentication and authorization play a dual and intertwinedrole central to identity management in data intensive industries. Thereare, however, inherent problems with the systems currently used toimplement authentication and authorization.

Classic database models used for authentication and authorizationutilize a spoke and hub data arrangement, in which the individualidentity rests at the center with associated ancillary data linked tothat individual identity. Consequently, the relationships amongancillary or spoke-level data are managed via the central or hub-levelindividual identity. While occasional relationships among ancillary orspoke level data may exist or be created, these relationships remainlocalized. Therefore, in order to make the data stored at the ancillaryor spoke level useful, it must be combined with data via the central orhub-level database. More particularly, the central or hub-level databasecontains information identifying individuals used to enable combinationof data from multiple localized databases. Thus, successfully combiningancillary data depends on the ability to uniquely identify theindividual at the center of the hub.

The requirement of combining data from multiple ancillary data sourcesis illustrated in the retrieval of credit scores. While an individualbank may be able to associate various accounts held by a client at itsown institution, the bank typically has no way to associate the accountswith the client's accounts at other institutions. Credit reportingagencies, on the other hand, utilize individual identity fields, such asa social security number, to connect account histories and behavior frommultiple financial institutions into a single hub and spoke data model.Again, the efficacy of this service relies on the credit reportingagency's ability to uniquely identify the individual account holder.

In present systems, unfortunately, the need to identify the individualraises a number of privacy concerns. In many of these systems, theinformation used to uniquely identity the individual, such as socialsecurity numbers, addresses, and phone numbers, can be tied back to anindividual with confidence. Thus, given the potential, if not certainty,of security failure in any Internet connected system, the individual'sidentity and important private data, such as financial and medicalrecords, are at risk.

Accordingly, there is a need for a new model of authentication andauthorization that allows for authentication of an individual with ahigh degree of certainty, while eliminating the possibility ofdiscovering the individual's true identity from the central hub. Moreparticularly, there is a need for a device that aggregates andassociates private data from multiple databases, while authenticatingeach individual using data that, if intercepted or discovered, wouldfail to reveal the identity of the individual.

The foregoing objects and advantages of the invention are illustrativeof those that can be achieved by the various exemplary embodiments andare not intended to be exhaustive or limiting of the possible advantageswhich can be realized. Thus, these and other objects and advantages ofthe various exemplary embodiments will be apparent from the descriptionherein or can be learned from practicing the various exemplaryembodiments, both as embodied herein or as modified in view of anyvariation that may be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly,the present invention resides in the novel methods, arrangements,combinations, and improvements herein shown and described in variousexemplary embodiments.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In light of the present need for an anonymous association systemutilizing biometrics, a brief summary of various exemplary embodimentsis presented. Some simplifications and omissions may be made in thefollowing summary, which is intended to highlight and introduce someaspects of the various exemplary embodiments, but not to limit the scopeof the invention. Detailed descriptions of a preferred exemplaryembodiment adequate to allow those of ordinary skill in the art to makeand use the inventive concepts will follow in later sections.

In various exemplary embodiments, an anonymous association systemutilizing biometrics provides the ability to aggregate and associatedata about individuals without knowing or being able to deduce who theyare. Although biometrics can be tied back to a unique individual with avery high degree of certainty, biometrics do not, by themselves,identify the individual without other individually identifiableinformation being associated with those biometrics. More particularly,various exemplary embodiments operate on the premise that a biometricmarker, such as a finger print, may be used in an indirect fashion tocreate a matrix of associations among an individual's ancillary dataelements. In this manner, identifying information is not associated withthe biometric marker or identifying information held at the central hub.

Accordingly, in various exemplary embodiments, a device for interactionwith an anonymous database system comprises: a biometric input thatreceives biometric data from a user; a communicator configured toretrieve, using the biometric data, a key stored in a first enrollmentprocess, retrieve, using the key, an institution identifier and a useridentifier stored in a second enrollment process, and retrieve user datafrom an institution database corresponding to the institutionidentifier; and a display that displays the retrieved user data.

Furthermore, in various exemplary embodiments, a method of enrolling auser in an anonymous database system comprises: performing a firstenrollment process by interacting with a user, the first enrollmentprocess comprising: receiving first biometric data from the user, andstoring, in a first database, the first biometric data in associationwith a key; and performing a second enrollment process by interactingwith an institution, the second enrollment process comprising: verifyingthe identity of the user at the institution, receiving second biometricdata from the user, retrieving the key from the first database using thesecond biometric data, and storing, in a second database, the key, anidentifier uniquely identifying the institution, and an identifieruniquely identifying the user at the institution.

In addition, in various exemplary embodiments, an anonymous databasesystem comprises: a plurality of biometric nodes in communication withone another, each of the plurality of biometric nodes comprising abiometric input that receives biometric data from a user; at least onecentral database in communication with the plurality of biometric nodes;and a plurality of institution databases in communication with theplurality of biometric nodes, wherein a first node of the plurality ofbiometric nodes is configured to receive a message from a second node ofthe plurality of biometric nodes, the message requesting authorizationof data access by the second node.

Finally, in various exemplary embodiments, a method for performing anaction requiring multiple levels of authentication comprises: receivinga request to perform an action from a first user operating a firstbiometric node; receiving biometric data from the user; determining,using the biometric data, whether additional authorization is requiredto allow the requested action to proceed; sending a request foradditional authorization to a second biometric node when additionalauthorization is required; receiving authorization data at the secondbiometric node; and allowing the requested action to proceed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to better understand various exemplary embodiments, referenceis made to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a biometricnode;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an anonymousassociation system using biometrics;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method forperson-level enrollment executed at a biometric node;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method forperson-level enrollment executed at a first database;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method forperson-level enrollment executed at a second database;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method forinstitution-level enrollment executed at a biometric node;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method forinstitution-level enrollment executed at a database;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method for dataaggregation executed at a biometric node;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method for dataaggregation executed at a database;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of ananonymous association system including multiple biometric nodes; and

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method forperforming an action requiring multiple levels of authorization.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals refer to likecomponents or steps, there are disclosed broad aspects of variousexemplary embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a biometricnode 100. Biometric node 100 includes biometric input 110, biometricindicator 120, communicator 130, connection indicator 140, display 150,alphanumeric input 160, power connector 170, computer interface 180, andcard slot 190.

In various exemplary embodiments, biometric input 110 is a componentconfigured to obtain a biometric reading to uniquely identify anindividual. Thus, in various exemplary embodiments, biometric input 110is a fingerprint reader. Accordingly, when an individual presses a thumbor finger against biometric input 110, biometric input 110 scans thethumb or finger and encodes the reading into a digital representation ofthe biometric. It should be apparent that any encoding method known tothose of ordinary skill in the art may be utilized to encode thebiometric data. Furthermore, the encoding algorithm utilized bybiometric input 110 may be updated using a software or firmware upgrade.

It should also be apparent that although shown as a fingerprint reader,biometric input 110 may be any device capable of analyzing one or morephysiological or behavioral characteristics that uniquely identify anindividual. Thus, in various exemplary embodiments, biometric input 110is instead a palm print reader, retina scanner, iris scanner, facerecognition device, or any other device that reads unique physicalcharacteristics of an individual. In addition, biometric input 110 maybe a device that analyzes a DNA-containing sample, such as blood, hair,or saliva. Alternatively, in various exemplary embodiments, biometricinput 110 is a microphone that receives a voice sample, which may inturn be used to identify the individual. Furthermore, to provideadditional security, two or more biometrics may be used in combination.

Although illustrated as integrated into biometric node 100, in variousexemplary embodiments, biometric input 110 is a separate deviceconnected to biometric node 100 using any interface including, but notlimited to, Universal Serial Bus (USB), FireWire, and Wi-Fi.Alternatively, biometric input 110 may be a replaceable module thatintegrates directly into biometric node 100. Accordingly, in theseembodiments, biometric input 110 may be replaced in the event of damageor other failure.

In various exemplary embodiments, biometric indicator 120 displays thecurrent status of biometric input 110. Thus, biometric indicator 120 maybe a Light Emitting Diode (LED) that changes colors to indicate thestatus of a biometric scan. For example, biometric indicator 120 may beunlit when biometric input 110 is inactive, yellow when biometric input110 is obtaining a biometric reading, green when biometric input 110successfully obtains a biometric reading, and red when an attemptedbiometric reading fails. Alternatively, in various exemplaryembodiments, biometric indicator 120 is an icon, text, or otherinformation field displayed on display 150.

In various exemplary embodiments, communicator 130 exchanges data withone or more databases, described in further detail below with referenceto FIG. 2. Thus, in various exemplary embodiments, communicator 130 isan antenna capable of sending and receiving data via a wirelessconnection over a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol(TCP/IP) network. Alternatively, in various exemplary embodiments,communicator 130 is an Ethernet jack or any other interface, wired orwireless, that allows biometric node 100 to communicate with an externaldatabase. It should be apparent that any protocol may be used forcommunication between communicator 130 and the external database.

In various exemplary embodiments, connection indicator 140 displays thecurrent status of the connection between biometric node 100 and one ormore external databases. Thus, connection indicator 140 may be an LEDthat changes colors to indicate the status of the connection. Forexample, biometric indicator 120 may be yellow when communicator 130 isattempting to establish a connection with the external database, greenwhen communicator 130 has successfully established a connection, and redwhen communicator 130 has failed to establish a connection.Alternatively, connection indicator 140 may be an icon, text, or otherinformation field displayed on display 150.

In various exemplary embodiments, display 150 is used to conveyinformation to the user of biometric node 100. As described in furtherdetail below with reference to FIG. 8, display 150 displays datareceived by communicator 130 from one or more external databases. Thus,in various exemplary embodiments, display 150 is a Liquid CrystalDisplay (LCD). It should be apparent, however, that any technologysuitable for displaying information to a user may be used. Furthermore,it should be apparent that, in various exemplary embodiments, display150 may instead be an external display connected to a biometric node 100without a display.

Moreover, in various exemplary embodiments, display 150 is a touchscreen display that enables a user to input commands by touching thesurface of display 150. Thus, in these embodiments, display 150 mayoutput buttons or objects that may be pressed by the user to execute acommand. For example, display 150 may output a button labeled, “ShowData,” which allows a user to retrieve data based on a biometric enteredinto biometric input 110.

In various exemplary embodiments, alphanumeric input 160 is used toreceive data and commands from a user of biometric node 100.Accordingly, alphanumeric input 160 may receive a personalidentification number (PIN), other optional data, and commands totransfer and/or display data. Thus, in various exemplary embodiments,alphanumeric input 160 is an array of buttons arranged in atelephone-style layout, such that each button is used for a number andmultiple letters. Alternatively, in various exemplary embodiments,alphanumeric input 160 is an array of buttons arranged in a QWERTYlayout. Although illustrated as separate from display 150, it should beapparent that alphanumeric input 160 may instead be integrated intodisplay 150 using touch screen technology.

In various exemplary embodiments, power connector 170 provides aninterface for connecting biometric node 100 to a power source. Thus, invarious exemplary embodiments, power connector 170 is a male pin thatreceives a female connector of an AC adapter. Accordingly, biometricnode 100 may be connected to a power source via power connector 170 tocharge a battery (not shown) of biometric node 100.

In various exemplary embodiments, computer interface 180 provides aconnection between biometric node 100 and a personal computer (PC) ofthe user (not shown). Accordingly, computer interface 180 may be a USBslot, FireWire input, serial input, wireless interface, or any otherinterface that may be used to connect an external device to a PC. Thus,although biometric node 100 may operate as a standalone device,biometric node 100 may also be connected to a PC to allow data exchangewith the PC. Accordingly, it should be apparent that, in variousexemplary embodiments, biometric node 100 does not directly communicatewith the external databases, but instead exchanges data with theexternal databases using a PC as a conduit.

In various exemplary embodiments, card slot 190 provides an interfacefor receiving a smart card, flash memory device, or any other externaldevice that may store information. Thus, in various exemplaryembodiments, card slot 190 enables a user to insert a smart card orother device to assist in authorization. For example, biometric node 100may determine that a higher level authorization is necessary to allowaccess to the data and require the user to insert a smart card prior toaggregating the data. Alternatively, a smart card or other device may beinserted into card slot 190 to indicate the data the user desires toretrieve. For example, a user may insert a card associated with a bankto retrieve financial records, while inserting a card associated with ahospital to retrieve medical records.

It should be apparent that the above-described functionality ofbiometric node 100 may be implemented using a number of alternatives.Thus, in various exemplary embodiments, biometric node 100 includes acomplementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip, which may includeembedded logic for controlling the operation of the components ofbiometric node 100. In these embodiments, the operation of biometricnode 100 may be updated utilizing a firmware update. Alternatively, invarious exemplary embodiments, exchange of data of biometric node 100 iscontrolled by a customized software installation on a PC or using a webportal to transfer data in conjunction with the data obtained by thebiometric device. Thus, in these embodiments, the operation of biometricnode 100 may be updated utilizing a software and/or firmware update.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an anonymousassociation system 200. Anonymous association system 200 includesbiometric node 210, database 1 220, database 2 230, database 3 240,database 4 250, institution database 1 260, and institution database 2270.

In various exemplary embodiments, biometric node 210 is a standalonedevice including features described above with reference to biometricnode 100. Alternatively, biometric node 210 may be a PC operated inconjunction with biometric node 100. In various exemplary embodiments,biometric node 210 communicates with each of the databases 220, 230,240, 250, 260, 270. The address of each of the databases 220, 230, 240,250 may be preconfigured via a URL alias encoded in the firmware ofbiometric node 210. Accordingly, the URL alias may be modified byfirmware update of biometric node 210, preferably utilizing public keyencryption to prevent unauthorized firmware upgrades.

In various exemplary embodiments, biometric node 210 is a deviceoperated by a user. Thus, biometric node 210 may be operated by a userto perform a person-level enrollment process, as described in furtherdetail below with reference to FIGS. 3-5. Furthermore, biometric node210 may be operated by a user to retrieve and aggregate data, asdescribed in further detail below with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9.

Alternatively, in various exemplary embodiments, biometric node 210 isinstead a device operated by an institution. Thus, biometric node 210may be utilized by an institution to perform an institution-levelenrollment process, as described in further detail below with referenceto FIGS. 6 and 7. It should be apparent, however, that both person-levelenrollment and institution-level enrollment may be performed utilizing auser device.

In various exemplary embodiments, database 1 220, database 2 230,database 3 240, and database 4 250 are centrally located databases usedto provide association and aggregation services. In various exemplaryembodiments, databases 220, 230, 240, 250 do not store openlyidentifiable individual information. Furthermore, in various exemplaryembodiments, databases 220, 230, 240, 250 are not directly connected toinstitution databases 260, 270. Thus, even in the event of a securitycompromise at one or more of the databases 220, 230, 240, 250, theidentities of individuals using anonymous association system 200 remainconcealed.

In various exemplary embodiments, database 1 220 stores raw biometricdata provided by a user in association with a biometric random key.Thus, the raw biometric data may be a fingerprint data set, retinal scandata set, or any other biometric data obtained by biometric input 110.Furthermore, biometric random key may be a globally unique identifierassociated with the raw biometric data. Accordingly, in variousexemplary embodiments, there is a one-to-one correspondence between rawbiometric data and biometric random keys, such that the biometric randomkey for a particular user may be obtained by performing a search usingthe biometric data.

Furthermore, in various exemplary embodiments, database 2 230 stores thebiometric random key in association with a PIN random key and otheroptional data. Thus, in various exemplary embodiments, when a userprovides a PIN along with the biometric data, database 2 230 generates ahash-encrypted PIN random key and stores the PIN random key inassociation with the biometric random key. It should be apparent,however, that any suitable encryption algorithm may be utilized togenerate the encrypted random key.

In various exemplary embodiments, database 3 240 stores the biometricrandom key in association with several pieces of data. This data mayinclude an institution ID, which uniquely identifies an institutionparticipating in anonymous association system 200. Thus, eachinstitution ID may identify an institution that stores records in adatabase, such as institution database 1 260 or institution database 2270. For example, the institution ID could identify a bank, hospital,government agency, or any other entity that provides access to datathrough anonymous association system 200.

In addition, the data stored in database 3 240 may include a unique ID,which may uniquely identify, within the institution, the individualassociated with the biometric random key. For example, the unique ID maybe an account number, random number, or any other alphanumeric valuethat uniquely identifies the individual at the institution.

In addition, the data stored in database 3 240 may include securityclearance information or additional authorization information. Thus, thesecurity clearance information could indicate that the data stored inthe institution for an individual identified by the unique ID may onlybe accessed when accompanied by an additional biometric or other pieceof information. For example, the security clearance information mayindicate that a biometric from a second person, such as a manager oremployee, is required to permit access to the data. Alternatively, thesecurity clearance information may indicate that a smart card must beinserted into card slot 190 or that a password or other alphanumericvalue must be entered.

In various exemplary embodiments, database 4 250 is an institutionaldictionary that stores information used to access the data stored ininstitutional databases 260, 270. Thus, database 4 250 may store aninstitution ID identifying a participating institution, the name of theinstitution, and a digital address identifying the location of theassociated institutional database. For example, the digital address mayinclude a URL, IP address, and any other information necessary toconnect to the database, including port numbers, passwords, and thelike. The URL, IP address, and other information may be pre-registeredfor each institution, manually configured, or automatically configured.

In various exemplary embodiments, institution database 1 260 andinstitution database 2 270 are databases operated by institutions. Thus,in various exemplary embodiments, databases 260, 270 store one or morefields of data in association with a value uniquely identifying anindividual. Databases 260, 270 may store any type of data including, butnot limited to, medical records, bank records, credit scores,educational information, and criminal histories.

Although illustrated as including four centrally located databases 220,230, 240, 250 and two institutional databases 260, 270, it should beapparent that other data arrangements are contemplated. Thus, in variousexemplary embodiments, databases 220, 230, 240, 250 are each stored on aseparate server to provide maximal security. Alternatively, in variousexemplary embodiments, each of the databases 220, 230, 240, 250 arelocated on a single, centralized server. Furthermore, in variousexemplary embodiments, anonymous association system 200 includes anynumber of institutional databases. Moreover, anonymous associationsystem 200 may include additional databases or data fields omitted fromFIG. 2 for the sake of simplicity.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method 300 forperson-level enrollment executed at a biometric node 210. Exemplarymethod 300 starts in step 310 and proceeds to step 320, where biometricnode 210 receives biometric data from a user. Thus, in various exemplaryembodiments, biometric node 210 obtains a biometric reading from theuser via biometric input 110. More particularly, in various exemplaryembodiments, biometric input 110 receives raw biometric data and encodesthe raw data into a digital representation.

After obtaining the biometric data in step 320, exemplary method 300proceeds to step 330, where biometric node 210 sends the biometric datato a centralized database of anonymous association system 200, such asdatabase 1 220. The processing performed by this database is describedin further detail below with reference to FIG. 4.

Exemplary method 300 then proceeds to step 340, where biometric node 210optionally receives additional data from the user. More particularly, invarious exemplary embodiments, biometric node 210 acquires a PIN,password, or other alphanumeric key from user via alphanumeric input160, an attached keyboard, or some other input device.

After obtaining the optional data in step 340, exemplary method 300proceeds to step 350, where biometric node 210 sends the optional datato a centralized database of anonymous association system 200, such asdatabase 2 230. The processing performed by this database is describedin further detail below with reference to FIG. 5.

Exemplary method 300 then proceeds to step 360, where biometric node 210receives one or more keys from the corresponding databases. Thus, inresponse to sending biometric data to database 1 220, biometric node 210receives a biometric random key from database 1 220. Furthermore, whenbiometric node 210 sends optional data to database 2 230, biometric node210 receives a PIN random key from database 2 230. Generation of thesekeys is described in further detail below with reference to FIGS. 4 and5. After receiving one or more keys in step 360, exemplary method 300proceeds to step 370, where exemplary method 300 stops.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method 400 forperson-level enrollment executed at a first database, such as database 1220. Exemplary method 400 starts in step 410 and proceeds to step 420,where database 1 220 receives biometric data from biometric node 210.Exemplary method 400 then proceeds to step 430, where database 1 220performs a query to determine whether the received biometric data isassociated with a new user.

When, in step 430, it is determined that the user has not yet enrolledwith the anonymous association system 200, exemplary method 400 proceedsto step 440, where database 1 220 stores the biometric data. Exemplarymethod 400 then proceeds to step 450, where database 1 220 generates abiometric random key. It should be apparent that, as described infurther detail above with reference to FIG. 2, biometric random key maybe a globally unique identifier associated with the biometric data.After generating the biometric random key in step 450, exemplary method400 proceeds to step 460, where database 1 220 stores the biometricrandom key in association with the biometric data.

On the other hand, when, in step 430, it is determined that the user hasalready performed person-level enrollment and is therefore not a newuser, exemplary method 400 proceeds to step 470. In step 470, database 1220 performs a query to look up the corresponding biometric random key210 using the biometric data received from biometric node 210.

After storing the biometric random key in step 460 or looking up thebiometric random key in step 470, exemplary method 400 proceeds to step480, where database 1 220 returns the biometric random key to biometricnode 210. Exemplary method 400 then proceeds to step 490, whereexemplary method 400 stops.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method 500 forperson-level enrollment executed at a database, such as database 2 230.Exemplary method 500 starts in step 510 and proceeds to step 520, wheredatabase 2 230 receives optional data from biometric node 210, such as aPIN or password.

Exemplary method 500 then proceeds to step 530, where database 2 230receives the biometric random key. It should be apparent that thebiometric random key may be sent from database 1 220 to database 2 230when the biometric random key is generated. Alternatively, the biometricrandom key may be sent from biometric node 210 to database 2 230 afterdatabase 1 220 returns the key to biometric node 210.

After receiving the biometric random key in step 530, exemplary method500 proceeds to step 540, where database 2 230 stores the biometricrandom key. Exemplary method 500 then proceeds to step 550, wheredatabase 2 230 optionally encrypts, then stores the optional data inassociation with the biometric random key.

After storing the biometric random key and optionally encrypting andstoring the optional data, exemplary method 500 proceeds to step 560,where database 2 230 generates a PIN random key. It should be apparentthat, as described in further detail above with reference to FIG. 2, PINrandom key may be a globally unique identifier associated with the PINor password. After generating the PIN random key in step 560, exemplarymethod 500 proceeds to step 570, where database 2 230 stores the PINrandom key in association with the biometric random key and other data.

After generating and storing the PIN random key, exemplary method 500proceeds to step 580, where database 2 230 optionally returns the PINrandom key to biometric node 210. Exemplary method 500 then proceeds tostep 590, where exemplary method 500 stops.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method 600 forinstitution-level enrollment executed at biometric node 210. Exemplarymethod 600 starts in step 610 and proceeds to step 620, where the user'sidentity is verified.

In various exemplary embodiments, biometric node 210 is operated by aninstitution, such that the user seeking to initiate institution-levelenrollment is physically present at one of the institution's locations.Thus, in such embodiments, in step 620, the institution may perform aprocedure to verify that the user is the person he or she purports tobe. For example, an employee of the institution may verify the user'sidentity by performing a process including, but not limited to,examining a photo ID, requiring the person to provide personalinformation, and/or obtaining a signature. Furthermore, the operator ofanonymous association system 200 may establish minimum standards aninstitution must observe in verifying the identity of the user.

Alternatively, in various exemplary embodiments, biometric node 210 isoperated by a user seeking to initiate institution-level enrollment atan institution for which there is no readily-accessible physicallocation. For example, a user may desire to access his or her datastored at a web-based institution, such as a credit agency or onlinebank. In such embodiments, several methods of verifying the user'sidentity may be used.

First, in various exemplary embodiments, the user opens or logs into anaccount at the institution using biometric node 210, a personalcomputer, or any other web-enabled device. By verifying that the userhas proper authentication to access his or her account, the institutionmay be reasonably certain that the actual user is the registered ownerof the account. As an alternative to web-based identify verification,the institution may instead rely on in-person identity verificationconducted at a proxy institution. Thus, for example, a user may performinstitution-level enrollment in person at a bank and simultaneouslyperform institution-level enrollment for the web-based institution.

After verifying the user's identity in step 620, exemplary method 600proceeds to step 630, where biometric node 210 obtains a biometricreading from the user via a biometric input. More particularly, invarious exemplary embodiments, the biometric input receives rawbiometric data and encodes the raw data into a digital representation.

Exemplary method 600 then proceeds to step 640, where biometric node 210retrieves the biometric random key. In various exemplary embodiments, asdescribed in further detail above with reference to FIG. 4, biometricnode 210 sends the biometric data to database 1 220, which searches fora biometric random key associated with the biometric data. When database1 220 does not find an existing entry, database 1 220 enrolls the user,as described in further detail above with reference to steps 440, 450,and 460 of FIG. 4. Alternatively, when database 1 220 finds an existingentry, database 1 220 simply looks up the biometric random key, asdescribed in further detail above with reference to step 470 of FIG. 4.In either case, database 1 220 returns the biometric random key tobiometric node 210.

After retrieving the biometric random key in step 640, exemplary method600 proceeds to step 650, where biometric node 210 sends the retrievedbiometric random key to database 3 240. Exemplary method 600 thenproceeds to step 660, where biometric node 210 sends, to database 3 240,the institution ID of the institution at which the user is registering.More particularly, in various exemplary embodiments, the on-chipsoftware of biometric node 210 is embedded with the institution ID, suchthat the institution ID can be retrieved from biometric node 210.Alternatively, in various exemplary embodiments, an employee or otheragent of the institution enters the institution ID into biometric node210. As a third alternative, in various exemplary embodiments, biometricnode 210 retrieves the institution ID from a computer system located ator connected to the institution. Finally, as a fourth alternative, invarious exemplary embodiments, biometric node 210 retrieves theinstitution ID from a smart card inserted into biometric node 210.

Exemplary method 600 then proceeds to step 670, where biometric node 210sends, to database 3 240, the unique ID assigned by the institution toidentify the user. Exemplary method then proceeds to step 680, whereexemplary method 600 stops.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method 700 forinstitution-level enrollment executed at a database, such as database 3240. Exemplary method 700 starts in step 710 and proceeds to step 720,where database 3 240 receives the biometric random key from biometricnode 210. Exemplary method 700 then proceeds to step 730, where database3 240 receives the institution ID from biometric node 210, and then tostep 740, where database 3 240 receives the unique ID identifying theuser from biometric node 210.

After receiving the data in steps 720, 730, and 740, exemplary method700 proceeds to step 750. In step 750, database 3 240 stores thebiometric random key. Exemplary method 700 then proceeds to step 760,where database 3 240 stores the institution ID. Finally, exemplarymethod 700 proceeds to step 770, where database 3 240 stores the uniqueID. Exemplary method 700 then proceeds to step 780, where exemplarymethod 700 stops.

It should be apparent from the forgoing description that, althoughdescribed above as two separate procedures, person-level enrollment andinstitution-level enrollment need not be performed at differentlocations or times. More particularly, if, while performinginstitution-level enrollment, it is discovered that the user has not yetperformed person-level enrollment, the system may dynamically executethe person-level enrollment process prior to proceeding with theinstitution-level enrollment process.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method 800 fordata aggregation executed at biometric node 210. More particularly, invarious exemplary embodiments, exemplary method 800 is executed by auser at a biometric node 210 to retrieve data from disparate sources anddisplay the data on the biometric node 210.

Exemplary method 800 starts in step 805 and proceeds to step 810, wherebiometric node 810 obtains a biometric reading from the user via abiometric input. More particularly, in various exemplary embodiments,the biometric input receives raw biometric data and encodes the raw datainto a digital representation.

Exemplary method 800 then proceeds to step 815, where biometric node 210retrieves the biometric random key using the raw biometric data. Moreparticularly, in various exemplary embodiments, biometric node 210 sendsthe biometric data to database 1 220, which searches for and returns thecorresponding biometric random key.

After receiving the biometric random key, exemplary method 800 proceedsto step 820, where biometric node 210 sends a request to a database,such as database 3 240, for information required to access the datastored on institution databases 260, 270. In various exemplaryembodiments, this request includes the category of data required, suchas banking or medical records. Alternatively, in various exemplaryembodiments, the request includes the name of a single institution orindicates that the institution information should be retrieved for allinstitutions. Furthermore, the data desired to be retrieved may be setvia user input through a menu system on display 150 or usingalphanumeric input 160. Alternatively, the data desired to be retrievedmay be set by inserting a smart card or other device into card slot 190.

After sending the request for institution information in step 820,exemplary method 800 proceeds to step 825, where biometric node 110receives institution information from database 3 240. In variousexemplary embodiments, the institution information is received from thedatabase in response to processing performed by the database, asdescribed in further detail below in connection with FIG. 9. Thus, theinformation received from database 3 240 may include a list ofinstitution IDs and the unique ID of the user at each of theinstitutions. After receiving the institution information, exemplarymethod 800 proceeds to step 830.

When, in step 830, it is determined that there are additionalinstitution IDs contained in the institution information, exemplarymethod 800 proceeds to step 835. In step 835, biometric node 210extracts the next institution ID and unique ID contained in theinstitution information. Exemplary method 800 then proceeds to step 840,where biometric node 210 retrieves the institution name and digitaladdress using the institution ID. More particularly, in variousexemplary embodiments, biometric node 210 queries a database, such asdatabase 4 250, by sending the institution ID to the database. Thedatabase, in turn, looks up the institution name and digital addresscorresponding to the institution ID, then returns the institution nameand digital address to biometric node 210.

Exemplary method 800 then proceeds to step 845, where biometric node 210retrieves the desired data from an institution database, such asinstitution database 1 260 or institution database 2 270. Moreparticularly, in various exemplary embodiments, biometric node 210 sendsa request for data to the digital address of the institution databaseincluding the unique ID and, optionally, details regarding the desireddata. The institution database, in turn, looks up the desired data andreturns the data to biometric node.

After receiving the data in step 845, exemplary method 800 proceeds tostep 850, where biometric node 210 adds the received data to a temporarydata structure for later display. Alternatively, in various exemplaryembodiments, biometric node 210 immediately displays the data as it isreceived and does not perform steps 850 and 855. Exemplary method 800then returns to step 830, where biometric node 210 determines whetheradditional institution IDs were included in the institution information.

When, in step 830, it is determined that there are no more institutionIDs contained in the data received from the database, exemplary method830 proceeds to step 850. In step 850, biometric node 210 accesses thedata structure containing the aggregated data and displays this data tothe user. Thus, in various exemplary embodiments, biometric node 210displays the data to the user via display 150 or via a display connectedto biometric node 210. In various exemplary embodiments, for addedsecurity, biometric node 210 then clears the temporary data structurecontaining the aggregated data from memory. Exemplary method 800 thenproceeds to step 860, where exemplary method 800 stops.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method 900 fordata aggregation executed at a database. In various exemplaryembodiments, exemplary method 900 is executed at database 3 240 uponreceipt of an institution information request from a biometric node 210.

Exemplary method 900 starts in step 910 and proceeds to step 920, wheredatabase 3 240 receives a user request for institution information frombiometric node 210, the request including a biometric random key of theuser. Exemplary method 900 then proceeds to step 930, where database 3240 parses the request. More particularly, in various exemplaryembodiments, database 3 240 processes the request to determine whatinformation the user has requested. Thus, database 3 240 may parse therequest to determine the category of data, type of institutions, or anyother parameters specified by the user.

After parsing the request in step 930, exemplary method 900 proceeds tostep 940, where database 3 240 retrieves one or more institution IDs andcorresponding unique IDs. More particularly, in various exemplaryembodiments, database 3 240 accesses the data corresponding to thebiometric random key received with the request. Based on the parsedrequest, database 3 240 retrieves, from this data, the institution IDsand unique IDs requested by the user.

After retrieving the institution IDs and corresponding unique IDs instep 940, exemplary method 900 proceeds to step 950, where database 3240 sends the retrieved data to biometric node 210. Exemplary method 900then proceeds to step 960, where exemplary method 900 stops.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of ananonymous association system 1000 including multiple biometric nodes. Invarious exemplary embodiments, anonymous association system 1000includes biometric node 1 1010, biometric node 2 1020, biometric node 31030, biometric node 4 1040, anonymous association databases 1050,institution database 1 1060, and institution database 2 1070.

In various exemplary embodiments, biometric nodes 1010, 1020, 1030, 1040are centrally located devices that communicate with each of thedatabases 1050, 1060, 1070. Thus, one or more of biometric nodes 1010,1020, 1030, 1040 is a standalone device including features describedabove with reference to biometric node 100. Alternatively, one or moreof biometric nodes 1010, 1020, 1030, 1040 is a PC connected to abiometric node 100. It should be apparent that, in various exemplaryembodiments, each of biometric nodes 1010, 1020, 1030, 1040 may exchangedata and messages with all other biometric nodes via TCP/IP, Bluetooth,or any other protocol.

In various exemplary embodiments, TAS databases 1050 are a collection ofone or more databases that store data implementing the functionality ofanonymous association system 1000. Thus, in various exemplaryembodiments, TAS databases 1050 correspond to database 1 220, database 2230, database 3 240, and database 4 250, described in further detailabove with reference to FIG. 2.

In various exemplary embodiments, institution database 1 1060 andinstitution database 2 1070 are databases operated by institutions.Thus, in various exemplary embodiments, databases 1060, 1070 store oneor more fields of data in association with a value uniquely identifyingan individual.

Although illustrated as including four nodes 1010, 1020, 1030, 1040 andtwo institutional databases 1060, 1070, it should be apparent that otherdata arrangements are contemplated. Thus, in various exemplaryembodiments, anonymous association system 200 includes any number ofbiometric nodes or institutional databases.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method 1100 forperforming an action requiring multiple levels of authorization. Invarious exemplary embodiments, method 1100 is executed at a biometricnode such as biometric node 1 1010, biometric node 2 1020, biometricnode 3 1030, or biometric node 4 1040.

Exemplary method 1100 starts in step 1100 and proceeds to step 1110,where the biometric node receives a request for an action from a user.In various exemplary embodiments, the requested action is the display ofaggregated data at the biometric node. Alternatively, the requestedaction may be any other action requiring multiple levels ofauthorization, including, but not limited to, conducting large financialtransactions, gaining entrance to a high security area, and negotiatingchild custody authorization.

After receiving the request from the user, exemplary method 1100proceeds to step 1120, where the biometric node obtains a biometricreading from the user. In various exemplary embodiments, the biometricnode then queries a database, such as one of TAS databases 1050, todetermine the biometric random key associated with the user.

After receiving the user biometric random key in step 1120, exemplarymethod 1100 proceeds to step 1130, where the biometric node or anotherentity determines whether additional authorization is required to allowthe requested action. More particularly, in various exemplaryembodiments, the biometric node sends the biometric random key to adatabase, such as one of TAS databases 1050, to retrieve securityclearance information for the requested action. Alternatively, thesecurity clearance information may be stored on the biometric nodeitself.

Based on the retrieved security clearance information, the biometricnode determines whether to request additional authorization. Thus, forexample, a biometric node may determine that, to allow a patient to viewhis or her medical records, a doctor at the hospital must firstauthorize the data transfer. As another example, a transfer of moneyover a predetermined amount may require authorization from both a bankclerk and a bank manager. As a third example, an attempt to board anairplane by a parent in custody of a child may require authorization ofthe other parent. As a fourth example, a transaction may be conducted inconnection with an escrow asset, such that multiple parties must approvethe transaction prior to allowing it to proceed.

When, in step 1130, it is determined that additional authorization isrequired, exemplary method 1100 proceeds to step 1140, where thebiometric node requests additional authorization. More particularly, invarious exemplary embodiments, the biometric node sends a message toanother biometric node requesting the authorization. The other biometricnode, in turn, displays the requested authorization message to its user.It should be apparent that, using this method, a biometric node mayrequest immediate authorization from another individual, regardless ofhis or her physical location. Alternatively, the biometric node maydisplay a message on its own display indicating that additionalauthorization is required.

In various exemplary embodiments, the additional authorization requestedby the biometric node includes a biometric reading from a person otherthan the user. Alternatively, in various exemplary embodiments, theadditional authorization requested is the insertion of a smart card orother device held by either the user or the institution.

After requesting the additional authorization from the user, exemplarymethod 1100 proceeds to step 1150, where the biometric node receives therequested authorization. Exemplary method 1100 then proceeds to step1160, where the biometric node verifies the received authorizationinformation. More particularly, in various exemplary embodiments, thebiometric node determines whether the received authorization matches theauthorization required by the security clearance information obtained instep 1130.

When, in step 1160, the biometric node verifies the receivedauthorization, exemplary method 1100 returns to step 1130, where thebiometric node determines whether additional authorization is required.When, in step 1160, however, it is determined that the receivedauthorization does not match the required authorization, exemplarymethod 1100 proceeds to step 1170. In various exemplary embodiments, instep 1170, the biometric node displays an error message indicating thatthe proper authentication was not received and that the requested actioncannot be performed. Exemplary method 1100 then proceeds to step 1190,where exemplary method 1100 stops.

When, in step 1130, it is determined that all required authorization hasbeen properly obtained, exemplary method 1100 proceeds to step 1180,where the requested action is executed or allowed. More particularly, invarious exemplary embodiments, the biometric node retrieves and displaysthe aggregated data, permits access to an area, or otherwise allows therequested action to proceed. Exemplary method 1100 then proceeds to step1190, where exemplary method 1100 stops.

According to the forgoing, various exemplary embodiments utilize abiometric node that plays a pivotal role in the network to enable secureand non-persistent user identity aggregation from disparate sources.Through the use of such a biometric node, users may retrieve and viewpersonal information on a single, integrated device based solely on theinput of biometric data. Accordingly, in various exemplary embodiments,the biometric node is not merely a passive participant in a databasescheme, but rather an active hub or node for identity aggregation andassociation. Furthermore, in various exemplary embodiments, the use of anetwork of biometric nodes allows for instantaneous multi-partyauthorization, without the need to obtain a password or other form ofauthorization.

Although the various exemplary embodiments have been described in detailwith particular reference to certain exemplary aspects thereof, itshould be understood that the invention is capable of other embodimentsand its details are capable of modifications in various obviousrespects. As is readily apparent to those skilled in the art, variationsand modifications can be affected while remaining within the spirit andscope of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing disclosure,description, and figures are for illustrative purposes only and do notin any way limit the invention, which is defined only by the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A central biometric node requiring multiplelevels of authentication, wherein the central biometric node isconfigured to: receive a request to perform an action from a first useroperating a first biometric node; receive biometric data from the firstuser; determine, using the biometric data, whether additionalauthorization is required to allow the requested action to proceed;query a database with the biometric data to obtain a biometric randomkey; send the biometric random key to the database to retrieve securityclearance information for the requested action; retrieve the securityclearance information for the requested action based on the biometricrandom key; determine, based upon the retrieved security clearanceinformation, whether to request additional authorization; afterdetermining that additional authorization is required, send a requestfor additional authorization to a second biometric node; receiveauthorization data at the second biometric node; and allow the requestedaction to proceed.
 2. The central biometric node according to claim 1,where the requested action is selected from the group consisting ofaggregating data associated with the first user, gaining access to arestricted area, and transferring funds.
 3. The central biometric nodeaccording to claim 1, further configured to: access the securityclearance information to identify the second biometric node that willreceive the request for additional authorization.
 4. The centralbiometric node according to claim 1, wherein the authorization data issecond biometric data obtained from a second user.
 5. The centralbiometric node according to claim 1, wherein the authorization data isreceived from a card inserted into a card slot of the second biometricnode.
 6. The central biometric node of claim 1, wherein theauthorization data comprises second biometric data and central biometricnode is further configured to: query the database with the secondbiometric data to obtain a second biometric random key, the secondbiometric random key generated during a first enrollment processindependently of the second biometric data and stored in associationwith the second biometric data; and determine whether the secondbiometric random key matches the security clearance information.
 7. Thecentral biometric node of claim 6, wherein the security clearanceinformation comprises a biometric random key of a second user requiredto provide authorization.
 8. The central biometric node of claim 6,wherein the authorized personnel is a healthcare personnel and theinformation is a medical record.